Madame Nhu (born Le Xuan), was married to Ngo Dinh Nhu, Diem's brother. She became a very powerful figure in the regime, intervening publicly as the unofficial First Lady.

Madame Nhu was behind the crackdown on "immorality" that abolished divorce, contraceptives, abortion, and closed nightclubs and ballrooms. All these measures did little to help Diem's regime gain popular support

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