Chronology of the War in Vietnam, 1945-1975


1945

August 23, Bao Dai abdicates

September 2, Ho Chi Minh Declares the Independence of Vietnam

September 26, A. Peter Dewey becomes first American casualty

1946

Beginning of French-Vietminh war

1952

November, Eisenhower is elected President

1953

Armistice ends Korean War

1954

April 7, President Eisenhower formulates the Domino Theory

May 7, French defeat at Dienbienphu

June, Ngo Dinh Diem is appointed Prime Minister

July 21, the Geneva Agreement divides Vietnam at 17th parallel

1955

October, Ngo Dinh Diem defeats Bao Dai in referendum, and becomes Head of State of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam

1956

November, Eisenhower wins a second term in the White House

1959

May 6, Diem promulgates law against dissidents

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 760

1960

November 8, Kennedy is elected President

November, attempted coup d’etat against Diem fails

December, the National Liberation Front (Vietcong) is formed

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 900

1961

May, Vice President Johnson visits South Vietnam and proposes additional aid to Diem

June 4, Kennedy meets Soviet Leader Nikita Khruschev in Vienna ("Vietnam is the place")

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 3,205

1962

February 6, American Military Assistance Command formed in South Vietnam

February 27, two Vietnamese pilots bomb Presidential palace without harming Diem

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 11,300

1963

May, June, Buddhist protests lead by Tri Quang reach high intensity

August 22, Henry Cabot Lodge takes office as Ambassador

November 1, Duong Van Minh and other generals remove Diem from power.

November 2, South Vietnamese Generals stage a coup against Diem

November 22, Kennedy is assassinated. Johnson takes the oath as president

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 16,300

1964

January 30, General Nguyen Khan seizes power in Saigon.

Pentagon starts developing strategy to bomb North Vietnam

August 2 and 4, U.S. destroyers Maddox and Turner Joy are allegedly attacked in Gulf of Tonkin

August 7, Congress passes Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

August, American aircraft bomb North Vietnam for the first time

October 30, NLF attacks Bienhoa air base. Johnson rejects proposed raids against North Vietnam

November 3, Johnson wins the election against Goldwater

AMERICAN ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 23,300

1965

February 7, Vietcong attacks American installations in Pleiku

Johnson authorizes air raids against N. Vietnam (Flaming Dart)

February 24, starts Operation Rolling Thunder, sustained bombing of North Vietnam

March 8, two Marine battalions arrive to Danang to defend the airfield. First U.S. combat troops in Vietnam.

April 7, Johnson, in a speech at Johns Hopkins University, offers Hanoi a settlement, including North Vietnamese participation in a very large development program. Hanoi rejects the proposal

June 11, Nguyen Cao Ky takes over as prime minister in Saigon

July 8, Lodge is reappointed Ambassador.

July 28, Johnson approves Westmoreland’s request for troops and sends 44 additional combat battalions.

December 25, Johnson suspends bombing of North Vietnam to entice DRV into negotiations

AMERICAN TROOPS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 184,300

1966

January 31, Johnson resumes bombing of North Vietnam

June 29, American airplanes bomb areas near Hanoi and Haiphong

AMERICAN TROOPS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 385,300

1967

March 19-21, Johnson meets in Guam with Ky and Thieu. North Vietnamese reveal letter exchange between Johnson and Ho Chi Minh.

Bunker replaces Lodge as Ambassador.

August, McNamara tells Congress that bombing North Vietnam is ineffective

September 3, Thieu is elected President

September 29, Johnson offers to halt the bombing in exchange for "productive discussions"

December, domestic anti-war protests rise

AMERICAN TROOPS IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 485,600

1968

January, Prince Norodom Sihanouk gives permission for American forces to pursue Vietcong inside Cambodian territory

January 31, Tet offensive begins. U.S Embassy in Saigon is attacked.

Earle Wheeler brings request from Westmoreland for 206,000 additional troops

March 1, Clark Clifford replaces McNamara as SecDef

March 16, U.S. troops brutally massacre over 400 civilians at My Lai

March 31, Johnson announces bombing halt and declines running for reelection

May, contacts between U.S. and North Vietnam start in Paris

August, Hubert H. Humphrey is designed presidential candidate in the Democratic Convention in Chicago, amid riots, protests and widespread violence

November 5, Nixon wins the elections

AMERICAN TROOP STRENGTH PEAKS AT 536,100

1969

March 18, Nixon begins secret bombing of Cambodia

June 8, Nixon announces withdrawal of 25,000 troops

October 15, massive anti-war demonstrations in Washington, DC

November 16, public revelation of My Lai massacre

AMERICAN TROOP STRENGTH REDUCED TO 475,200

1970

February 20, Kissinger begins secret talks with Le Duc Tho in Paris

Nixon announces offensive in Cambodia

May 4, four students are killed in protests at Kent State University (Ohio)

AMERICAN TROOPS ARE REDUCED TO 334,600

1971

AMERICAN TROOPS DOWN TO 156,800

1972

February 21, Nixon arrives to China for unprecedented visit

April 15, Nixon authorizes bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong

June 17, Watergate scandal erupts with the arrest of five secret White House operatives

October, Tho and Kissinger reach a preliminary agreement in Paris.

November 7, Nixon reelected in a landslide

AMERICAN WITHDRAWAL ALMOST COMPLETE, WITH 24,200 MEN LEFT IN SOUTH VIETNAM

1973

January 27, cease-fire agreements are signed in Paris

March 29, last American troops leave Vietnam

August 14, U.S. stops bombing Cambodia under pressure from Congress

AMERICAN TROOPS LEFT IN SOUTH VIETNAM: 50

1974

August 9, Nixon resigns, is replaced by Ford

1975

April 29, Ambassador Graham Martin evacuates the U.S. Embassy

April 30, Saigon falls to the Communist offensive

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